Recipe: Previous period from actuals

Most warehouses hold actuals with history and no "previous period" column. This recipe takes a CSV of monthly actuals per region and lets bino derive both comparisons: pp1 as the previous month and pp2 as the same month last year. A ChartTime shows actuals against last year, a Table shows all three, and the column captions come out as PP and PY without any translation manifest.

Project structure

regional-actuals/
  bino.toml
  data/
    actuals.csv
  manifests/
    source.yaml        # DataSource
    dataset.yaml       # DataSet with derive
    page.yaml          # LayoutPage with ChartTime and Table
    report.yaml        # ReportArtefact

Source

The CSV has one row per region and month, with month-end dates. Two years of history are enough for a full year of pp2:

date,region,regionIndex,ac1
2023-01-31,North,1,412.0
2023-01-31,South,2,388.5
2023-02-28,North,1,398.2
2023-02-28,South,2,401.7
...
2024-12-31,North,1,455.3
2024-12-31,South,2,430.9

# manifests/source.yaml
apiVersion: bino.bi/v1alpha1
kind: DataSource
metadata:
  name: actuals_csv
spec:
  type: csv
  path: ../data/actuals.csv

Dataset

The query selects only what the source has: the dimension with its index twin, the actual and the date. No pp column appears in the SELECT; the two slots are declared instead.

# manifests/dataset.yaml
apiVersion: bino.bi/v1alpha1
kind: DataSet
metadata:
  name: actuals_monthly
spec:
  query: |
    SELECT
      region,
      regionIndex,
      "ac1"::DOUBLE AS ac1,
      "date"        AS date
    FROM actuals_csv
  derive:
    pp1: { from: ac1, shift: 1 month, grain: month }
    pp2: { from: ac1, shift: 1 year,  grain: month }

grain: month says one row stands for a month. bino matches rows of the same identity — here region and regionIndex — whose month is one shift earlier, so 2024-03-31 finds 2024-02-29 for pp1 and 2023-03-31 for pp2. Rows without a prior period stay empty: January 2023 has no pp1, and all of 2023 has no pp2.

Page

The chart compares the year; the table shows both comparisons and the absolute variance to last year.

# manifests/page.yaml
apiVersion: bino.bi/v1alpha1
kind: LayoutPage
metadata:
  name: regional_actuals
spec:
  titleBusinessUnit: "Regional Sales"
  titleMeasures:
    - name: "Revenue"
      unit: "kEUR"
  titleScenarios: ["ac1", "pp2"]
  titleDateStart: "2024-01-01"
  titleDateEnd: "2024-12-31"
  titleDateFormat: month
  titleDateLink: interval
  pageLayout: split-vertical
  children:
    - kind: ChartTime
      spec:
        dataset: actuals_monthly
        chartTitle: "Revenue vs. last year"
        dateInterval: month
        level: category
        scenarios: ["ac1", "pp2"]
        measureScale: k
        measureUnit: "EUR"
    - kind: Table
      spec:
        dataset: actuals_monthly
        scenarios: ["ac1", "pp1", "pp2"]
        variances: ["dac1_pp2_pos"]
        measureType: currency
        measureUnit: "EUR"

# manifests/report.yaml
apiVersion: bino.bi/v1alpha1
kind: ReportArtefact
metadata:
  name: regional_actuals_report
spec:
  format: xga
  orientation: landscape
  language: en
  filename: regional-actuals.pdf
  title: "Regional actuals"
  layoutPages:
    - regional_actuals

What you get

Run bino build. The table has three scenario columns and one variance column:

Column	Caption	Why
`ac1`	`AC`	the engine default
`pp1`	`PP`	derived with `shift: 1 month`; a non-year shift is captioned `PP`
`pp2`	`PY`	derived with `shift: 1 year`; a year shift keeps the default `PY`
`dac1_pp2_pos`	`ΔPY`	variance against `pp2`

The PP caption comes from a translation bundle bino synthesizes for the artefact's language, because the engine labels every pp slot PY on its own. The rendered HTML carries it as:

<bn-internationalization code='en' namespace='_system'>{"global.pp1":"PP"}</bn-internationalization>

Nothing is emitted for pp2. To caption either slot differently, add an Internationalization manifest; it is merged after the synthesized bundle, so it wins:

apiVersion: bino.bi/v1alpha1
kind: Internationalization
metadata:
  name: en
spec:
  code: en
  content:
    global.pp1: "PM"

Checks you will see

If the query window starts in 2023 and you ask for pp2 only, the build warns that pp2 is null on every row: the window has no prior year.
If two rows share region, regionIndex and a month, the build fails with duplicate rows for identity … regardless of --data-validation. Aggregate to the grain in the query.
If you later add a pp1 column to the SELECT but leave derive.pp1 in place, the build fails: use assert for a supplied slot.
A region that stops reporting keeps a row for the month after its last one, with an empty actual and its previous period filled, so the drop is visible; see How a row is matched.